Неінструментальні засоби детекції брехні та їх ефективність в сучасній психологічній практиці

Abstract

In this investigation we have analyzed theoretical and applied problems of lie detection. The main purpose of researching was proving that non-instrumental detection methods had effective. We wanted to distinguish special features of lie in the experiment. We have analyzed main modern detection methods of lie, which were divided by non-instrumental and instrumental. Most famous instrumental detection methods of lie is polygraph. Instrumental detection methods base on diagnostic of emotion, whom must accompanies lie. However, liar doesn’t always feel that’s why we have to use non-instrumental detection methods. They consist of non-verbal signs, which analyze gestures, facial expressions, micro expressions, and paralinguistic signs of speaking (intonation, pitch), linguistic signs. In the experiment we’ve researched linguistic and paralinguistic features of lie, compared these in true and lie texts. The results of experiment are evidence changing of three types of parameters. The first type is pace and rhythm, frequency and duration of pause increases, tons of voice rises. The second type involves expressive features of behavior. They are gestures, facial expressions, microexpressions, eyes moving and spatial arrangement. Theoretical analysis testifies that main feature of lie is increasing adaption gestures, especially touching the face and stereotypical movements, emblematic reservations, illustrator mismatches and speech content. It is a vexed question about eyes movements. Romanova N.M. has proved liars don’t look away, but look at interlocutor. Their eyes move only we are speaking. Additional evidences of lie are vegetative changes. They are skin color change, pulse, breath, perspiration etc. Third type of indicators is psycholinguistic indicator. They are text and related characteristics. One subtype of the psycholinguistic indicators is paralinguistic indicator. Paralinguistic indicators consist of voice tone change, accent, intonations, pace of speech. We call them tempo-rhythmic. Linguistic indicators include grammatical structure of sentences, details, logic structure of text, special word markers, plug-in constructions, quotes, speech errors. Additional way of detection is diagnostic of graphological characteristics. Such method reveals a person’s tendency to lie, imagination during writing and emotional conditions in that moment. In whole correlation has revealed reliability of selected features. The main perspectives are increasing diagnostic indicators of lie, especially non-verbal, comparing methods of detection. We are going to create complex algorithm of lie detection.