КОНСТИТУЦІЙНА СКАРГА ЯК ЗАСІБ ЗАХИСТУ ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРИКЛАДНИЙ АСПЕКТ

Abstract

The article analyzes the institution of constitutional complaint as one of the means of protecting human rights and freedoms. The essential characteristics of this institution, the points of view of domestic and foreign researchers on the nature of the constitutional complaint, its types and key features are considered. The article analyzes the issues of fixing the institution of constitutional complaint in Ukrainian legislation. Trends in the development and possibilities of modernizing the competence of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine at the present stage of development are noted. It is proposed to amend the current legislation of Ukraine in order to activate and improve the efficiency of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, especially in order to increase the level of protection of human rights and freedoms. It is stated that granting individuals and legal entities the right to file a constitutional complaint is a manifestation of constitutionalism and the democratic structure of our state. At the same time, the mechanism of appeal and consideration of a constitutional complaint, the algorithm of its admissibility, and the mechanism of legal regulation of the implementation of decisions of constitutional courts in cases of constitutional complaints require significant improvement. It is concluded that the effectiveness of this constitutional and legal institution will be significantly higher if a full, rather than normative, constitutional complaint is introduced, which, in turn, will also increase the responsibility of subjects of law-making, law enforcement, human rights protection and the authority of the Constitution of Ukraine. In other words, a full constitutional complaint provides much greater opportunities for individual access to constitutional justice: a person can appeal against any act of state power that directly violates their fundamental rights. The argument in favor of expanding the subject of constitutional verification of acts in the direction of a full constitutional complaint is the fact that the Constitutional Court restricts law enforcement: it does not have the right to assess the actions (omissions) of subjects of power, cannot review Court decisions and evaluate such decisions for their constitutionality, and so on. It is this approach that will significantly improve the way to ensure the effectiveness of a constitutional complaint. Attention is drawn to the fact that the current legislation sets high requirements for the content and form of a constitutional complaint, which, in particular, explains the significant percentage of complaints returned by the court. This indicates the need for applicants to obtain a qualified right to file a corresponding complaint with the court, that is, to appeal to specialists, which, in turn, reduces the possibility of certain persons to appeal.