РИЗИКИ ІПОТЕЧНОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇХ МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ В УМОВАХ ФІНАНСОВОЇ НЕСАБІЛЬНОСТІ

Abstract

The article provides the author's definition of the terms "mortgage loan" and "mortgage lending risk". The classification of mortgage lending risks according to risks related mainly to real estate (systemic, non-systematic, random) and risks related to the capital market (banking risks) is given. The definition of each risk highlighted in the author's risk classification of mortgage lending risks is given. The distribution of risks between participants in mortgage relations (creditor, borrower, issuer of mortgage securities, investor) is presented, depending on the one- and two-level model of mortgage lending. The correlation between the level of risks and the cost of credit services is indicated. A detailed analysis of the following risks was carried out: credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, currency risk, operational and technological risks, reputational risks and legal risk. Attention is paid to one of the types of credit risk – the risk of early loan repayment, and an example of its minimization is given. It is described how credit risk directly affects the market value and profitability of the mortgage portfolio. The causes of mortgage lending risks are listed and their consequences for all participants in credit relations are listed. The close relationship between the macroeconomic situation in the country and the effectiveness of mortgage lending is substantiated using the example of real estate price fluctuations. The importance of the correct assessment of collateral property when concluding a credit agreement is explained. The experience of the banks of the leading countries of the world and the leading banks of Ukraine in managing mortgage risks is presented. The methods of risk management given in the classification are considered and proposed, and the ways of improving the effectiveness of the mortgage loan are given. The most adequate monthly payment for a mortgage loan is given as a percentage of the borrower's income to ensure his solvency. Possible scenarios of fraud in the field of mortgage lending are given and recommendations for their prevention are given. Real cases of scams from developers of Ukraine in the context of mortgage lending to the population are given