ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИЙ НАПРЯМ ПОЛІТИКИ ЗАХИСТУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ІНТЕРЕСІВ ДЕРЖАВИ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДОСТУПУ ТА КОНТРОЛЯ НАД ПОЛІТИЧНИМ ДИСКУРСОМ

Abstract

The peculiarities of the formation and functioning of three models of the information direction of policy of the national interests’ protection of the states of the world – the subsidiary (USA, UK, EU and NATO), vertical (Russian Federation) and transitional (Ukraine) models – are revealed. It is determined that the subsidiary model focuses on the horizontal informational and communicative interaction between the structural elements of the political system. Its purpose is to create an extensive network of process participants who can independently counteract threats and ensure the implementation of the policy of national interests’ protection on the ground. The vertical model focuses on creation of the clear vertical line of the development and implement of stakeholders in its development and implementation is limited. The basic structural elements of the system are the government, ministries and departments, media-controlled authorities, civil society institutions that execute the agenda developed by the “center”. The transitional model is characterized by a combination of vertical and subsidiary models with the subsequent transition to the latter. The features of access and control over the political discourse of each model are distinguished. It is determined that the subsidiary model is oriented on the achievement of a consensus between the state and society, the plurality of opinions, the inclusion of a large number of interested individuals/groups in the development and implementation of policies, including informational one. The state delegates some of its powers to society, and these allows it to be involved in the development, translation and transformation of discourse within the limits of the allowed parameters. The vertical model relies on tight control and subordination of the periphery to the center and eliminates any alternatives. The administrative-command approach allows to make decisions and to fill the political space with the necessary meanings and images fast enough without coordinating the interests of stakeholders which affect the preferences of target audiences. This testifies to full access and control over the production and distribution of political discourse. In the transitional model, emphasis is made on finding optimal options for the development and dissemination of discourse in transit conditions, changes in the management systems of local territories, delegation of part of the powers to the territorial communities, including powers in the information and communication. The peculiarity of such a state is the lack of a single consolidated discourse that would suit most of the interest groups. This situation creates conditions for the simultaneous existence of several conflicting discourses pretending to dominate, and the risk of capturing political-informational, politicalfigurative and political-semantic spaces by other states.