Abstract:
The concept of basic income is an idea developed by philosophers,
economists, and politicians. Numerous local experiments on the introduction
of partial basic income have taken place around the world. But
theoretical searches and practical experiments were carried out separately,
without considering the expediency of the latter and generalizing
their results. However, from the perspective of the practical implementation
of the idea of unconditional basic income in the world, the most interesting
is to confirm or refute the theoretical studies empirically. The
purpose of the article is to summarize the results of experiments on the
implementation of the concept of basic income in terms of further development
of theoretical research in this field. The paper discusses in detail
the conditions, the methodology of the most popular pilots to implement
basic income in the USA (The New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina,
Iowa, Seattle, Denver, Indiana), Canada (Manitoba), Namibia (Otjivero,
Omitara), Uganda, India (Madhya Pradesh), Finland and their generalized
results. The study concludes that basic income can be seen as
an effective tool to combat poverty; the experiments demonstrated the
preservation of labor activity in the presence of basic income; improving
social performance is serious and long-lasting compared to economic
achievement; better respond to the introduction of unconditional income
for the income group and the younger generation; the continuation of
experiments is determined not by the results achieved, but by the political will of the organizers; based on the conditions and scales of pilots,
direct extrapolation of their results to the future is impossible. Numerical
modeling tools are proposed to solve this problem. Identifying the impact
factors to build a mathematical model of the base income experiment
will be a direction for further research.
