PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR ILLEGAL AMBER MINING IN UKRAINE

Abstract

Purpose. Critical analysis of the criminal law provision on illegal mining of amber, identifi cation of its shortcomings, development of proposals for their elimination. Methodology. The system of philosophical, general scientifi c and specifi c scientifi c methods and approaches, which have provided objective analysis of the subject under consideration, in particular, the method of systemic and structural analysis, specific sociological, statistical, comparative, formal-logical methods. Findings. Shortcomings of the criminal law provision on illegal mining, sale, acquisition, storage, transfer, shipment, transportation and processing of amber, in particular, unjustifi ed expansion of the criminal law prohibition under consideration, unsuccessful design of the main and qualifi ed components of the criminal off ense under review, as well as unjustifi ed sanctions. Originality. The authors have been among the fi rst researchers in the domestic criminal law doctrine to provide a comprehensive critical understanding of the provision dedicated to the regulation of criminal liability for illegal amber mining, which has made it possible to develop scientifi cally based recommendations for improving domestic criminal law. Practical value. Based on the research results, specifi c proposals addressed to domestic parliamentarians have been developed, which can be taken into account in the process of further lawmaking in terms of updating relevant provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is argued that the improved Art. 240-1 should only cover illegal mining of amber. The main structure of the researched criminal off ense is proposed to be designed as material. It has been proven, including through references to specifi c law enforcement materials, that sanctions of Part 1 of Art. 240-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine should provide for a fi ne as the only non-alternative main type of punishment, while referenced to alternative punishments in the form of a fi ne and imprisonment should be included in Parts 2 and 3.